(SUBJECT WITH INFINITIVE)
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Není-li původce děje vyjádřen objektovým pádem (I heard him sing.), ale nominativem – 1. pádem (He is heard to sing.), tedy když se celá vazba transformuje do trpného rodu, vznikne vazba nominativu s neurčitkem. Neurčitek má v tomto případě vždy i „TO“. |
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Tato vazba se používá: |
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1. Ve většině případů po stejných slovesech v trpném rodě, po kterých se v činném rodě používá objektový pád s neurčitkem a také po slovesech SAY, STATE (vyhlásit), REPORT (oznámit), ANNOUNCE (ohlásit), oznámit) apod. |
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- He is supposed to have died of pneumonia. |
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- I am supposed to hand in my income-tax return. |
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- The ship is reported to sail on Monday. |
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- You are expected to be well informed. |
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- He was advised to come next week. |
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- They were encouraged to try again. |
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- He is known to be a good player. |
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- They are considered to be good students. |
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- She was seen to get off the room. |
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- They were heard to say it. |
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- He is said to be clever. |
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2. Po slovesech SEEM (zdát se), APPEAR (ukazovat se), PROVE (projevit se, ukázat se), HAPPEN (náhodou vyjít najevo), CHANCE (stát se náhodou), TURN OUT (ukázat se) apod. Vždy ale jenom v činném rodě. |
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- Our teacher seems to be satisfied. |
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- We happened to meet them at the cinema. |
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- George doesn’t seem to understand. |
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- He happens to be present. |
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- Do you happen to know where he is? |
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- You appear to hesitate. |
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3. Nominativ s neurčitkem se používá i po výrazech LIKELY (pravděpodobný), UNLIKELY (nepravděpodobný), CERTAIN (jistý), SURE (jistý), EASY (snadný), DIFFICULT (obtížný) apod. |
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- He is not likely to make a fortune. |
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- She is certain to object. |
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- It is sure to be fine. |
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- Accommodation is not easy to get nowadays. |
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- A story is difficult to write when you do not know all about it from the beginning. |
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4. V některých ustálených spojeních se vyskytuje tzv. absolutní infinitivní vazba: |
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- to begin with – především, nejdříve, abych začal |
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- to cut a long story short – zkrátka a moudře |
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- to be quite frank with you – abych k vám byl upřímný |
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- to say the least – mírně řečeno |
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- to say the truth – abych pravdu řekl |
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5. S přídavnými jmény udávajícími charakter, povahu, vlastnosti, duševní rozpoložení: |
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- You are kind to say so. |
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- You are good to have helped me. |
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- He was generous to offer me the sum. |
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- You were wrong to accuse him. |
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- She was careless to leave the baby alone. |
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- He was unrealistic to suggest the plan. |
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- He was clever to do it. |
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- She was stupid (silly, foolish) to make that remark. |
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- I was angry to read about it. |
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- They were bored to hear it. |
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- She was furious to find it out of order. |
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- We were excited to hear the story. |
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- I was puzzled to find him there. |
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- We were depressed to see that countryside. |
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6. S podstatnými jmény, která vyjadřují vlastnosti: |
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- You are a gentleman to have forgiven him. |
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- You are a magician to make so much money. |
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- He was a fool to have accepted that offer. |
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- She is an angel to have helped me. |
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- I’m an idiot to have believed him. |
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- He is a hero to have faced that challenge. |
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- You are a simpleton to believe that. |
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- He was a swindler to have used those methods. |