Weights:

1 ounce - 1 oz = 28.35 grams
1 Troy ounce (for gold) = 31.10 grams
1 pound - 1 lb = 16 ounces = 0.45 kg
1 stone - 1 st = 14 pounds = 6.3 kg
1 quarter = 28 lb = 12.70 kg
1 hundredweight = ctw = 112 lb = 50.80 kg
1 ton - 1 t - long ton = 20 ctw = 1,016 kg
short ton - USA = 907.2 kg

Volumes:

1 fluid ounce = 1 lf oz = 29.57 ml
1 pint - 1 pt = 0.568 litre
1 quart = 1 qt = 2 pints = 1.136 litre
1 gallon = 1 gal = 4 quarts = 3.758 litres
1 bushel = 8 gals = 35.24 l
1 quarter = 8 bushels = 2.90 hl
1 barrel 1 1 bbl (for oil) = 159 l

Long measures:

1 inch - in = 2.54 cm
1 foot - ft = 12 inches = 30.4 cm
1 yard - yd = 3 feet = 0.91 cm
1 mile = 1,609 m = 8/5 km
1 nautical mile = 1.853 km

Temperatures:

100°C = 212°F
0°F = -17.8°C
water freezes at 32°F
normal body temperature 98.1°F
boiling point 212°F

°F = (((°C x 20) - (2 x °C)) / 10) + 32
°C = ((°F - 32) / 9) x 5